The cell line used in the anti-proliferation assays was SK-BR-3, a human breast, adenocarcinoma (pleural effusion) cell line; The cells were grown in McCoy's 5a Medium+10% FBS. To run the assay, the cells (80 ul, 1000 cells) were added to each well in a 96-well plate and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. with CO,. Next, the cells were treated with test compounds (20 ul) at various concentrations in appropriate cell culture medium (total volume, 0.1 mL). The control wells contain cells and the medium but lack the test compounds. The plates were incubated for 144 hours at 37°C. with CO,. CTG reagent was then added to the wells (100 il). After the plates were shaken for 10 min and then incubated for 10 min at room temperature, paste the clear bottom with white back seal and record luminescence with Envision. The inhibition % was calculated according to the following equation: inhibition %=[1- (assay-blank)/ (control-blank)|x100.